Result Analysis using Fast Clustering Algorithm

Result Analysis using Fast Clustering Algorithm Result Analysis using Fast Clustering Algorithm and Query Processing using Localized Servers. P.Jessy Abstract—This paper identifying records that produces compatible results using Fast Clustering Selection Algorithm. A selection algorithm may be evaluated from both the efficiency and effectiveness points of view. While the efficiency concerns the time required to find a record, the effectiveness is related to the quality of the record. The selection algorithm fetches the result with the help of register number. The Selection algorithm works in two steps. In the first step, the register number fetches the result from the server. The record for every individual will be obtained by hit method. The sender sends the request to the server. In the second step, the most representative record that is strongly related to target classes is fetched from database. The record fetches from the database by the register number. The string generation algorithm is guaranteed to generate the optimal result k candidates. We analyses the results of students using Selection Algorithm. We need to de fine compatible operation analogs by introducing max-min operation min-max operation. It automatically collects data from the web to enrich the result. The analysis of result for huge students make more time. The accuracy of the result has to be considered. We need to fetch the result individually by their register number. It leads to time inefficiency. In a proposed system, we obtain the result for a group of students. The Selection method fetches the result for a student according to their register number which is entered in between a range. The result for the student automatically fetched from the server. Once the result for the candidate has been fetched from the server, it stored in the client database. Then we sort the result of the student as group. It increases the accuracy and makes the efficient one. It reduces the burden of the people who analyze the result. The result analysis is performed within a short period. We can generate the report based on the GRADE system. Our experimental evaluation shows that our approach generates superior results. Extensive experiments on large real data sets demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness. Finally we sort the results of students using FAST CLUSTERING SELECTION algorithm. Index Terms FAST, Minmax Maxmin Operation. INTRODUCTION Students play a major role in Educational field.Students are evaluated under different categories: By choosing their institution, studying well, gaining good knowledge, and getting good marks. Result analysis of each student paves the way for their higher education as well as their improvement in future. Percentage marks prior to the grade scheme were converted into grades for ease of comparison. The reliability of the new scheme was again studied using statistical analysis of data obtained from both the old and new schemes. Some assessment schemes use a grading category index (GCI) instead of actual mark for each assessment criterion. GCIs usually have a smaller number of options to choose from when awarding results. For example, the GCI may gave eight levels with the highest being awarded to exceptional students and the lowest being awarded to students of inadequate performance. This reduced level of categories has been shown to result in less variability between assessors compare to systems which use marking ranges between 0 and 100. The Results of the students are analyzed using Fast Clustering Selection Algorithm. In this paper, we are analyzing the results of students using clustering methods with the help of filtering by introducing max-min operation min-max operation.The filter method is usually a good choice when the number of records is very large.The SELECTION algorithm works in two steps. In the first step, the register number fetches the result from the server. The record for every individual will be obtained by hit method. The sender sends the request to the server. In thesecond step,themost representative record that is strongly related to target classes is fetched from database.It consists of three components: query generation, and data selection and presentation.This approach automatically determinesinformation. It then automatically collects data fromthe web .By processing a large set of data; it is able to deal with more complex queries. In order to collect result, we need to generate informative queries. The queries have to be generated for every individual student.It increases the time to fetches the result and inefficiency. In order to overcome this, the queries are generated along with unique identification number i.e. register number. Based on the generated queries, we vertically collect image data with multimedia search engines.We then perform reranking a nd duplicate removal to obtain a set of accurate and representative results. 2. RELATED WORK Selection can be viewed as the process of identifying and removing as many irrelevant and redundant record as possible. This is because: (i) irrelevant records do not contribute to the predictive accuracy, and (ii) redundant features do not redound to getting a better predictor for that they provide mostly information which is already present. Selection focused on searching for relevant records. Irrelevant data, along with redundant data, severely affect the accuracy. Thus, selection should be able to identify and remove as much of the irrelevant and redundantinformation as possible. QUERY GENERATION To collect result from the web,we need to generate appropriate queries before performing search. We accomplish the task with two steps. The first step is query extraction. We needto extract a set of informative keywords from querying. The second step is query selection.This is because we can generate different queries: one fromretrieve, one from display, and one from the combinationof retrieve and display. In query generation, given an input string Qi, we aim to generate the most likely koutput strings sothat can betransformed from Qi and have the largest probabilities. DATA SELECTION AND PRESENTATION We perform search using the generated queries to collect the result of the student. The result of the student is fetched from the server by three processes. Before query generation, the register number for the students is fetched from the database. The register numbers are grouped based upon the department. The register number for each group is partitioned and stored as arrays of objects. In query generation, the register number is added with the query and it performs the request to server.The results are built upon text based indexing. Therefore, reranking is essential to reorder the initial text-based search results. A query-adaptivereranking approach is used for the selection of the result. We first decide whether a query is text related or image related, and then we use different features for reranking. Here we regard the prediction of whether a query is text related as a classification task.We can choose to match each query term with a result list. But it will not be easy tofind a complete list. In addition, it will be difficult to keep the list updated in time. We adopt a method that analyzes results. Thus, we perform a duplicate removal step to avoid information redundancy. The result which is fetched from the server may increases the time if there is large amount of data. To increases the time efficiency we need to process the query in a different manner. The results are grouped with the help of group id. EVALUATION OF QUERY GENERATION The generated query is first passed as a string to the server. The server searches the result with the register number. Once the result is found for the particular register number, the server sends the respond to the query client.Theresult received for a particular student is stored in the database with help of the register number. The results can be printed for a group of students by simply selecting the results from database with the group id. The group id is set for a group of students based upon their department id. The department id is a unique constraint for the identification of the record. In query generation the records are fetched from the server and stored in the client database by the department id and group id. EVALUATION OF RERANKING We use the query adaptive ranking to perform query classification and thenadopt query-adaptive reranking accordingly. It is our proposedapproach and it is denoted as â€Å"proposed†. After reranking, we perform duplicate removal and irrelevant removal of result. 3. ALGORITHM AND ANALYSIS The proposed FAST algorithm logically consists of two steps: (i) removing irrelevant record, (ii) removing redundant record. 1) Irrelevant records have no/weak correlation with target concept; 2) Redundant records are assembled in a cluster and a representative data can be taken out of the cluster. ALGORITHM For every result Calculate the average queue size(avg) ifminth { Calculateprobability pa With probability pa: ifregister no. is valid and if the result is not already fetched { Mark the result Send request to the sender and save the result } else Drop the request to the server } else if maxth Store the result in database Send acknowledgment to the server. Fig.1. gives the flowchart of the algorithm FAST Algorithm The FAST algorithm fetches the result of the student with the help of the register number. T F T F Fig.1. Flowchart of the algorithm FAST Algorithm The algorithm checks whether the given register number is valid or invalid. The register number is a collection of college code and student code. The college code is used to identify the result of the particular college. The FAST algorithm calculates the probability of finding the result of the student from the server. Then it identifies the results from the server using the request and response method. The avg SELECTIVITY OF RANGE QUERIES Selectivity estimation of range queries is a much harder problem. Several methods were available. However, they are only able to estimate the number of records in the range. None can be efficiently adapted to estimate the number of results in the range. One naive solution is to treat information as record by removing the irrelevant information. This clearly increases the space consumption significantly (and affects the efficiency) since the number of points is typically much larger than the number of existing nodes. When generating the query workload for ourdatasets we had to address two main challenges. We had to generate a workload,with an attribute distribution representing the user interests in a realistic way. Second, we had to create queries of theform attribute-value. Query reformulation involves rewriting the original query with its similar queries and enhancing the effectiveness of search. Most existing methods manage to mine transformation rules from pairs of queries in thesearch logs. One represents an original query and the other represents a similar query. 1) Select the length of the query l by sampling from a uniform probability distribution with lengths varying from 1 to 3. 2) Select an attribute A1 using the popularity that they have on the vector 3) Select the next attribute A2 using the co-occurrence ratio with the previous attribute A1. 4) Repeat from Step 2, until we get l different attributes. DATABASE SIZE EFFECT We check the effect of the size of the database on the precision of attribute suggestions and thenumber of query matches. We consider subsets of the database of documents of different sizes. As expected the proposed strategies increase their quality when weincrease the data size. The size of the result is based on the method of us storing it. We storing the data which is retrieved from sever to the client database which increases the time efficiency and minimum storage capacity. The results are stored in the database by the student register number which requires less storage and increases the efficiency of accessing the information. 4. CONCLUSION In this paper, we have presented a clustering-based selection algorithm for result analysis. The algorithm involves (i) removing irrelevantrecords, (ii) removing redundant record. We can do the result analysis but it makes more time to get the result of every student. For that we are using a selection algorithm which removes the redundancy of the result and using it we can fetch the result of large group of people. We have adopted a method to remove duplicates, but in many cases more diverse results may be better. In our future work, we will further improve the scheme, such as developing better query generation method and investigating the relevant segmentsfrom the result. 5. REFERENCES [1] Chanda P., Cho Y., Zhang A. and Ramanathan M., Mining of Attribute Interactions Using Information Theoretic Metrics, In Proceedings of IEEE international Conference on Data Mining Workshops, pp 350-355, 2009. [2] Y. Du, S. Gupta, and G. Varsamopoulos, â€Å"Improving On-Demand Data Access Efficiency in MANETs with Cooperative Caching,† Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 7, pp. 579-598, May 2009. [3] Biesiada J. and Duch W., Features election for high-dimensionaldataÅ‚a Pearson redundancy based filter, AdvancesinSoftComputing, 45, pp 242C249, 2008. [4] Garcia S and Herrera F., An extension on â€Å"Statistical Comparisons of Classifiers over Multiple Data Sets† for all pairwise comparisons, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 9, pp 2677-2694, 2008. [5] C. Chow, H. Leong, and A. Chan, â€Å"GroCoca: Group-Based Peer- to-Peer Cooperative Caching in Mobile Environment,† IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 179-191, Jan. 2007. [6] Demsar J., Statistical comparison of classifiers over multiple data sets, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 7, pp 1-30, 2006. [7] L. Yin and G. Cao, â€Å"Supporting Cooperative Caching in Ad Hoc Networks,† IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 77-89, Jan. 2006. [8] Butterworth R., Piatetsky-Shapiro G. and Simovici D.A., On Feature Selectionthrough Clustering, In Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE internationalConference on Data Mining, pp 581-584, 2005. [9] Fleuret F., Fast binary feature selection with conditional mutual Information, Journal of Machine Learning Research, 5, pp 1531-1555, 2004. [10] Dhillon I.S., Mallela S. and Kumar R., A divisive information theoretic feature clustering algorithm for text classification, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 3, pp 1265-1287, 2003. [11] Forman G., An extensive empirical study of feature selection metrics for text classification, Journal of Machine Learning Research, 3, pp 1289-1305, 2003. [12] Guyon I. and Elisseeff A., An introduction to variable and feature selection, Journal of Machine Learning Research, 3, pp 1157-1182, 2003. [13] M. Korupolu and M. Dahlin, â€Å"Coordinated Placement and Replacement for Large-Scale Distributed Caches,† IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data Eng., vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 1317-1329, Nov. 2002. [14] Das S., Filters, wrappers and a boosting-based hybrid for feature Selection, In Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Machine Learning, pp 74-81, 2001. [15] Dougherty, E. R., Small sample issues for microarray-based classification. Comparative and Functional Genomics, 2(1), pp 28-34, 2001. [16] S. Dykes and K. Robbins, â€Å"A Viability Analysis of Cooperative Proxy Caching,† Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2001. [17] Bell D.A. and Wang, H., A formalism for relevance and its application in feature subset selection, Machine Learning, 41(2), pp 175-195, 2000. [18] Dash M., Liu H. and Motoda H., Consistency based feature Selection, In Proceedings of the Fourth Pacific Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp 98-109, 2000. [19] Hall M.A., Correlation-Based Feature Selection for Discrete and Numeric Class Machine Learning, In Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Machine Learning, pp 359-366, 2000. [20] Baker L.D. and McCallum A.K., Distributional clustering of words for text classification, In Proceedings of the 21st Annual international ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in information Retrieval, pp 96- 103, 1998.

Rogarian Arguments

Quiz – Chapter 2 Name: U number: 1. The dramatic recovery of Russian Economy in recent days can be attributed to: a. record world prices for oil and gas b. the succession of Vladimir Putin as president c. Putin slashed subsidies to state-owned enterprises d. the price increases for imports due to ruble’s devaluation e. all of the above can be attributed 2. According to author William Greider, executives and marketers must take into account the following new realities in the global economic situation: a. production has become â€Å"uncoupled† from employment b. he world economy dominates the scene c. the struggle between capitalism and socialism is over d. the growth of e-commerce diminishes the importance of national barriers e. all of the above 3. The rampant corruption and bribery witnessed in a nation’s economy is referred to as: a. re-nationalization b. managed democracy c. Kleptocracy d. autocracy e. None of the above 4. One of the distinguishing feat ures of Centrally Planned Capitalism economic system is: a. all production resources are privately owned b. the state has broad powers to serve the public interest as it sees fit c. ommand resource allocation is utilized extensively in private resource ownership environment d. market allocation policies are permitted within and environment of state ownership e. none of the above 5. The Swedish government has significant holdings in key business sectors and has hybrid economic system that incorporate: a. market capitalism and centrally planned socialism b. centrally planned socialism and market socialism c. centrally planned socialism and capitalism d. market socialism and market capitalism e. market capitalism and socialistic capitalism 6.Which type of economic system is characterized by command resource allocation and private resource ownership: a. market capitalism b. centrally-planned capitalism c. market socialism d. centrally-planned socialism e. None of the above 7. Which type of economic system is characterized by market resource allocation and state resource ownership: a. market capitalism b. centrally-planned capitalism c. market socialism d. centrally-planned socialism e. None of the above 8. China predominantly follows an economic system that can be classified under: a. centrally planned socialism b. market socialism . market capitalism d. centrally planned capitalism e. socialistic capitalism 9. Which of the following is true about economic output in China today: a. the state sector accounts for about 75 percent of output b. the state and private sectors each account for about 50 percent of output c. the private sector accounts for about 75 percent of output d. the private sector is virtually nonexistent in China e. the state sector is virtually nonexistent in China 10. The Washington, DC-based Heritage Foundation compiles a survey of over 150 countries ranked by degree of economic freedom.Although there are a number of key economic variables which are considered in this ranking it does not include: a. monetary policy b. banking policy c. black market d. property rights e. none of the above 11. Singapore banned the import, manufacture, and sales of chewing gum in the country since wads of gum were making a mess on sidewalks, buses, and subway trains. Violators are subject to severe penalties and before buying a pack consumers must register their names and addresses. This according to author William Greider demonstrates that Singapore’s government: a. is harshly autocratic . administers a paranoid control over Singaporeans c. administers a paranoid control over press and politics d. runs an effective welfare state e. all of the above 12. The general characteristics shared by low-income countries does not include: a. high birth rates b. low literacy rates c. concentration in Africa south of the Sahara d. heavy reliance on foreign aid e. low tourist income 13. Which of the following BRIC nations fall in the lower-middle-i ncome category? a. India and China b. China and Brazil c. Brazil and Russia d. Russia and India e. none of the above 14.Pursuing alternative sources of energy, such as wind and solar power is important due to the fact that: a. people in developing countries are more conscious about environment b. global marketers are more interested in publicizing environmental issues c. it is easy to develop solar power in many parts of the world d. heavy reliance on fossil fuels contributes to global warming e. people worldwide can afford to buy power generated from wind and solar 15. Product and market opportunities in a postindustrial society are more heavily dependent upon new products and innovations than in industrial societies. An example of this would be: . Nestle marketing Bono brand cookies in Brazil b. Coca-cola company developing a beverage Vintago in low-income countries c. New e-commerce markets for interactive forms of electronic communication d. Hermes creating handbags called Amazo nia e. India’s Suzlon Energy using wind driven turbines 16. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is comprised of: a. the 30 high-income countries b. countries that believe in market-allocation economic systems c. pluralistic democracies d. countries that demonstrate progress toward economic reform e. all of the above statements are applicable 7. The fastest-growing sector of world trade includes: a. travel and entertainment b. accounting and legal services c. royalties and license fees d. engineering services e. all of the above 18. Between the year 2001 and 2006, China bought more than $ 250 billion in U. S. Treasury bonds. Such purchases: a. ensures that China’s currency is relatively weak compared to the U. S. dollar b. indicate that China is not sure of its economic viability c. show that currency exchange rate is unpredictable d. predict that yuan will be devalued in the near future e. China’s currency is stronger than the U. S. dollar 9. To the extent that a country sells more goods and services abroad than it buys, there will be: a. a greater demand for its currency b. a surplus production of goods and services c. a scarcity of goods and services within the country d. a need for revaluation of its currency e. time for fluctuating its currency 20. The Big Mac Index dated February 01, 2007 shows that the price of Big Mac in China was 11 yuan whereas its price in the United States was $ 3. 22. The index translated into yuan being undervalued by 56%. This shows that: a. Big Mac is more expensive in the United States than in China b.Big Mac is less expensive in the United States than in China c. Big Mac costs the same in the United States and China d. Big Mac is less popular in China than in the United States e. Big Mac is more popular in China than in the United States Essay Question The newly independent countries of the former Soviet Union present an interesting situation: on one hand the income is declinin g creating considerable economic hardship whereas there are attractive opportunities with good potential from moving out of the low-income category. What are some of the problems and opportunities for these countries?

The Affects of Divorce on Youth

In Canada, it is estimated that four in ten marriages end in divorce. Despite the â€Å"’til death do us part† vow couples participate in at the time of marriage, there were 69,600 separations in Canada in 2004 (Statistics Canada, 2004). It has also been determined that every one in two divorces involves children. Although there have been many studies done which attempt to prove that children who experience parental divorce do have behavioral problems, fail to complete high school, and have emotional discrepancies, the effects of divorce on the overall outcome of a child is not detrimental to his or her development. Those who take the stance that divorce is a determining factor through their various studies have not taken a proper representative sample of cases from children nor considered other determining factors which could also lead to a child's lack of well-being. Today a divorce is when a marriage is legally dissolved because the relationship is irretrievably broken. However, before the Divorce Act of 1968, divorces were increasingly difficult to obtain. In order to be granted one, the couple would have to meet at least one criteria of marital breakdown – they would have to be living apart for a year or longer, one of the spouses has to have committed an act of adultery, or one spouse has treated the other in a cruel way. The average Canadian family features parents who deal with a plethora of stressors. One of the main reasons for marriage dissatisfaction, however, is money. This problem is prevalent when a family does not have enough income to support its needs or wants. Pressure to fulfill these desires will create an unhappy relationship between everybody involved. Regardless, when parents separate, it can create a whole new distress in the child which can outweigh that of any economical situation the family could be facing. While parents toying with the idea of divorce may think that by legally separating, they could be risking their children’s overall happiness; by staying together they could be putting the child at greater risk of mental and emotional problems. Children who are witness to their parents constant fighting and conflicts are at higher risk of long-term distress (Jekielek, 1998). Divorce where there is little parental conflict will actually do a child less harm than no divorce with high parental conflict. The symptoms of being in an environment where there is high parental conflict is very similar to those seen in children of divorce; they can develop anxiety and aggression (Morrison and Corio, 1999), as well as behavioral problems in school such as antisocial behavior and difficulty concentrating (Amato and Sobolewski, 2001). Socialization of children is essential during school years. Children who are affected negatively during this time by parental conflict or divorce can create problems for the future by making them socially withdrawn. Poor social skills and shyness can force children into complications which have the potentiality to permanently damage their views and impact the formation of healthy relationships. There are three factors which account for much of the distress among children, and high parental conflict is the most determining factor. The second is a decline of living standards; this is where the child’s family has a low economic status and cannot fulfill the needs and basic wants of a child successfully. A child’s family can reach poverty if the mother or father who is granted custody does not earn enough money to support the child, due to the loss of complimenting income from the noncustodial parent or the fact that they cannot get a job because they had sacrificed their education and employment opportunities in order to care for the child. The third factor is the absence of the noncustodial parent. This is because the child loses a role-model who they look to for emotional and physical support (Resnick et al. , 1997), an issue which the social learning theory commends. The time with the noncustodial parent will eventually decrease with time, whereas the child’s relationship with his or her mother will increase (Amato and Booth, 1996). Whereas evidence in the past has supported findings that a child is well adapted, self confident and secure in who they are when they are raised in a two parent as opposed to single parent household, a child with divorced parents is said to suffer both mentally and emotionally. There are two propositions, one of which suggests that children who grow up in households where the two biological parents are not present will exhibit lower levels of well-being, and the other says that the adverse effects on youthful ell-being will be especially acute when the cause of parental absence is marital separation, divorce, or desertion. They often tend to develop behavioral problems and do less well in school than children of intact families (Demo, Fine, and Ganong, 2000). On top of that, they are more likely to engage in dangerous behavior such as substance and alcohol abuse. These damaging effects have the potential to last the child into adulthood. One study showed that almost half the children of divorced parents entered adulthood as worried, self-deprecating, and sometimes angry young men and women (Wallerstein, Lewis, and Blakeslee, 2000). They also tend to be less happy than a child with intact parents, and increasingly likely to suffer from health problems, depend on welfare, earn low income, and experience divorce themselves. Problems with marriage are thought to be prevalent in cases where a child’s parents have experienced divorce and can lead to an increase in divorces between them as well as an overall aversion to marriage (Anthony, 1974). Many of these adults continue to struggle with depression, anxiety, and overall feeling of dissatisfaction with their overall lives. These people will utilize more mental health services than will those who grew up with both parents (Amato and Sobolewski, 2001). Compared to children whose parents did not separate, children with divorced parents are more likely to drop out of high school, less likely to attend college, and complete fewer years of education overall. Some believe that this is due to the emotional disturbance which is caused in households where parental conflict is high, resulting in a poor sense of self in the child. Poor sense of self also leads to other relationship troubles including infidelity, reoccurring divorces, and remarriages and in extreme cases spousal and domestic abuse. It has also been found that those living in a single-parent household are associated with a greater risk of not completing high school (Deleire and Kalil, 2002). In one study, it shows that the proportion of children graduating from high school is the highest for children with no change in their family structure and lowest for children with three or more changes in their family structure. Relative to children in households that reported no change in marital status, children who experienced any type of change in family structure were less likely to graduate from high school. The odds of completing high school for children whose parents experienced parental divorce only were 61 percent lower than for children whose parents remained together. However, despite evidence which proves that divorce does cause an emotional disturbance within children, some analysts disagree. Despite the link between divorce and long-term negative consequences, this evidence is based on families who seek psychological counseling. These families are a small and unrepresentative minority of the population. Another discrepancy in this theory is that some analysts fail to ask whether factors other than divorce might be responsible for the long-term distress experienced by children of divorced parents. A re-analysis of 93 relevant studies showed that the overall effect of divorce on children’s well-being is not strong and is declining over time (Amato and Booth, 1991). Whereas some studies show a significant decrease of education completion, one study done across Canada, Australia, and the United States of America shows that divorce is not an educational â€Å"disaster†. Rather, it says that children whose parents divorce get approximately seven-tenths of a year less education than children from intact families. A divorce is not the determining factor in long-term distress in children; rather, it is a multitude of factors which complement each other in creating a child with various mental and emotional difficulties. Despite evidence supporting both sides of this argument, those who believe that studies which discredit the results which seem to support divorce as the major distress-causing agent of previous studies seem to be the most believable; this is because there is simply so much more to a divorce than the act of separation in itself. Determinants such as parental conflict, economic status, and the upbringing of the child all play major roles in providing distress in a child’s life. Although the argument of divorce causing some sort of problematic experiences in a child, which will last them into adulthood, is a strong one, one must remember all of the other agents which build up to a divorce when deciding whether or not a divorce is the sole detrimental attribute to a problematic childhood. ?

John Stuart Mill’s Theory of Utilitarianism - 1336 Words

Tom and Mary Mary is a patient in a hospital who is very sick. She is under the care of a doctor named Tom. Tom knows that Mary is going to die shortly and knows of three other patients in the hospital that could benefit immensely from one of Mary’s organs. Mary, who is an organ donor, does not want to give up her organs. However, Tom knows that Mary’s organs are beginning to fail and decides to take them without her permission and give them to the other patients in need. In this essay, I will explain how the case of Dr. Tom and his patient, Mary, can be examined morally using John Stuart Mill’s theory of Utilitarianism and the Greatest Happiness Principle (GHP) and Immanuel Kant’s Deontology and his Formula of Universal Law (FUL). I will also explain why Kantian Deontology works better as a moral theory in the case of Tom and Mary. In John Stuart Mill’s, â€Å"Utilitarianism,† Mill describes his theory as, â€Å"†¦ not something to be contradistinguished from pleasure, but pleasure itself, together with the exemption of pain (2001, p. 9).† What Mill is describing can be referred to as classical utilitarianism. There are three components that comprise this theory: consequentialism, hedonism, and impartiality. Consequentialism is the idea that only the consequences of an action matter. The second component, hedonism, states that the only standard for judging an action as moral or immoral is whether the action produced happiness or pain, respectively. The last component of classicalShow MoreRelatedA Research Paper on the Life of John Stuart Mill876 Words   |  3 PagesThis research paper focuses on the life of John Stuart Mill and how it affected his economic theories. John Stuart Mill’s grew up unlike most, raised since his adolescence to be the face of utilitarianism. 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During many years that question is being formulated and many scholars had a very difficult time to decide if it was possible to follow Gods will and the principle of utility maximization. The principle of utility maximization was a theory created by John Stuart Mill and presented in his book Utilitarianism (1863). Societies throughout the years have argued that those theories are hard to combine, since Utilitarianism seeks for self-development andRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1365 Words   |  6 Pages In John Stuart Mill’s book Utilitarianism, he argues for the defense of utilitarianism, an age old theory originally developed by Jeremy Bentham that states the proper course of action is the one that maximizes happiness. The course of action that maximizes general happiness is also the only true standard for moral assessment. Mill also introduces the idea of ‘first principle’ which states that it is not acceptable for individuals to characterize acti ons as either ‘good’ or ‘bad’, because it isRead MoreKant: Moral Theories1002 Words   |  5 PagesKants moral theory According to Timmons, the field of philosophy is not complete without the mention of Kant whose contributions were major (205). This, he adds, was influenced by his originality, subtle approach and the difficulty of his works. Timmons cites that moral requirements are a requirement of reason, which is the ideology of Kant’s Moral theory; hence, immoral act is an act against reason. Consequently, speaking on the terminologies of Kant we visualize moral requirements as CategoricalRead MoreAbortion (Marry Anne Warren â€Å"on the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion, † and â€Å"Utilitarianism.†)1611 Words   |  7 PagesIn Warren’s â€Å"On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion,† she uses different principles to clearly explain why abortion is morally acceptable. In her writing she combats two different ideas on abortion. These two ideas are from John T. Noonan and Judith Thompson. Against John T. Noonan, Warren argues that the fetus is not a person. She relies on distinguishing two different senses of the human; the biological sense and the moral sense. Warren argues that the fetus is not human in the moral sense, byRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill : Views On Objectivism Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Stuart Mill: Views on Objectivism John Stuart Mill defends objectivism about intrinsic value within utilitarianism. A theory of intrinsic value indicates what things are valuable for their own sake. Within the Theories of Intrinsic Value, we think of Objectivism and Hedonism. Objectivism is best described as: Certain ways of life are intrinsically valuable, even if they hold less pleasure than others. Some things are valuable regardless of, and independently of, the pleasure they may produce